BCS 5th SEMESTER (2025-2026) TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

A1: Advanced Java

DSE-1A(1)

Course code: CS-511T

 Chapters Covered:

1. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
2. Overview of Applet and Servlet API
3. JSP (Java Server Pages)
4. JSP Standard Tag Libraries (JSTL)

NOTE: Answer must be in 1 or 2 pages. 

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📝 Descriptive Questions:

Chapter 1: JDBC

1. Explain the architecture of JDBC and describe the steps involved in connecting a Java application to a database using JDBC.
2. What are the different types of JDBC drivers? Compare them in terms of performance and platform dependency.
3. Describe the role of PreparedStatement in JDBC. How is it different from Statement and why is it preferred in most cases?

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Chapter 2: Overview of Applet and Servlet API

4. Differentiate between Applets and Servlets. In what scenarios would you use one over the other?
5. Describe the servlet life cycle and explain the purpose of each method (init(), service(), and destroy()).
6. What is the role of the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects in servlets? Provide examples of their usage.

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Chapter 3: JSP (JavaServer Pages)

7. What is JSP? How does it differ from Servlets in terms of syntax and functionality?
8. Explain the life cycle of a JSP page. Include all phases from translation to execution.
9. Describe the different types of JSP scripting elements: declarations, scriptlets, and expressions. Give examples of each.

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Chapter 4: JSP Standard Tag Libraries (JSTL)

10. What is JSTL? Explain the purpose and usage of any two core JSTL tags with examples (e.g., c:if, c:forEach).

B2: Data Mining

DSE-1A(2)

Course code: CS-512T

Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Mining

1. What is data mining? Discuss its importance and how it differs from traditional data analysis techniques.
2. Explain the major steps involved in the data mining process with an example.
3. What are the various types of data mining tasks? Differentiate between descriptive and predictive tasks.

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Chapter 2: Data Preprocessing

4. Why is data preprocessing important in data mining? Explain the key steps involved in data preprocessing.
5. Describe the different methods of handling missing data. Provide scenarios where each method is appropriate.
6. What are data normalization techniques? Explain any two normalization methods with suitable examples.

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Chapter 3: Concept Description

7. Define concept description in data mining. How does it help in understanding large datasets?
8. Differentiate between data characterization and data discrimination with examples.

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Chapter 4: Classification and Prediction

9. What is the difference between classification and prediction in data mining? Provide real-world examples of each.
10. Explain the working of a decision tree algorithm. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using decision trees for classification?

A1: Software Engineering

DSE-2A(1)

Course code: CS-521T

Chapter 1: Introduction to Software and Software Engineering

1. Define software and explain the characteristics that differentiate software from other engineering products.
2. What is software engineering? Discuss its importance in the development of large-scale software systems.
3. Describe the various categories of software. Give examples for each category.

Chapter 2: Managing Software Projects

4. What is software project management? Explain the key responsibilities of a software project manager.
5. Discuss the major phases of a software project life cycle. How does project planning contribute to project success?
6. Explain different types of software project estimation techniques. What are the challenges in accurate estimation?

Chapter 3: Software Coding and Testing

7. What are the important principles of good software coding? Explain the role of coding standards in software development.
8. Describe the different levels of software testing. How do unit testing and integration testing differ?
9. Explain the importance of test case design. What are the characteristics of a good test case?

Chapter 4: Software Maintenance and Configuration Management

10. What is software maintenance? Explain the different types of maintenance activities with examples.

11. (Bonus) Define software configuration management (SCM). How does SCM help in controlling changes in a software system?

B1: Basic Data Science

DSE-2A (2)

Course code: CS-522T

Introduction to Business Analytics, Big Data Analytics, Descriptive Analytics, and Population and Sample. These questions are designed for conceptual understanding, ideal for assignments, class discussions, or exams.

📘 Introduction to Business Analytics

Q.1 Define Business Analytics. How is it used by organizations to improve decision-making?

Q. 2 Explain the three types of analytics: Descriptive, Predictive, and Prescriptive. How do they differ from each other?

📊 Big Data Analytics

Q 3 What is Big Data? Discuss the characteristics of Big Data using the 5 V's.
            Q 4 How is Big Data Analytics transforming industries such as healthcare, retail, and finance?
            Q 5 What are some of the major tools and technologies used in Big Data Analytics?

📈 Descriptive Analytics

Q 6 What is Descriptive Analytics? How does it help organizations understand past performance?
Q 7 List and explain key statistical techniques used in Descriptive Analytics.
Q 8 Differentiate between univariate and multivariate descriptive analysis with examples.

📊 Population and Sample

Q 9 What is the difference between a population and a sample in data science? Why is sampling important?

Q 10 Describe different sampling methods and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.

 

  

A1: Artificial Intelligence

DSE-3A (1)

Course code: CS-531T

Topics Covered:

1. Introduction to AI
2. Problem Solving (State Space Search & Heuristic Search)
3. Knowledge Representation
4. Symbolic Reasoning Under Uncertainty

🧠 1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Discuss its goals and key applications in various fields.
   
   
2. Explain the difference between Weak AI and Strong AI with examples.
   
   

🔍 2. Problem Solving – State Space Search & Heuristic Search

3. What is a state space in AI problem-solving? Explain with an example.
   
   
4. Describe the difference between uninformed (blind) and informed (heuristic) search strategies.
   
   
5. What is a heuristic function? How does it help in search algorithms?
   
   

🧾 3. Knowledge Representation

6. What is knowledge representation in AI? Why is it important?
   
   
7. Compare different types of knowledge representation techniques.
   
   
8. Explain the concept of ontologies in AI. How do they aid in knowledge representation?
   
   

⚖️ 4. Symbolic Reasoning Under Uncertainty

9. What is symbolic reasoning? How is it used in AI for decision-making?
   
   
10. How is uncertainty handled in symbolic AI? Discuss any two methods used.

 

  

C1: Power BI

DSE-3A (2)

Course code: CS-532T

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📊 Power BI – Descriptive Questions

 1. Introduction to Power BI

1.      What is Power BI? Explain its importance in modern data analytics and business intelligence.

2.      Discuss the main components of the Power BI ecosystem and their roles.

 2. Power BI Components and Table Relationships

3.      What are the key differences between Power BI Desktop and Power BI Service?

4.      Explain the concept of data modeling in Power BI. Why are relationships between tables important?

5.      Describe how to create and manage relationships between tables in Power BI.

 3. DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) Functions

6.      What is DAX in Power BI? Why is it essential for data analysis?

7.      Differentiate between calculated columns and measures in Power BI with examples.

8.      Explain the use of the following DAX functions: SUM(), CALCULATE(), and FILTER().

9.      How does the RELATED() function work in Power BI? Provide a use case.

10.  What are time intelligence functions in DAX? Explain with an example.

BCS first semester (2025-2026), Tutorial Questions

 

BCS first semester (2025-2026)

Note: all students of BCS first semester must write the answers of following questions in tutorial book

Descriptive tutorial questions on 

M1-DSC-1: Programming in C

Q. 1. Explain the history and features of the C programming language.
Q. 2. Describe the structure of a C program with an example.
Q. 3. Explain different data types available in C with examples.
Q. 4. What is an array in C? Explain its types with examples.
Q. 5. Describe different types of operators in C with examples.
Q. 6. Explain control statements in C with suitable examples.
Q. 7. What are functions in C? Explain the types of functions with examples.
Q. 8. Explain pointers in C and their applications.
Q. 9. Describe strings in C and common string handling functions.
Q. 10. What is the difference between structure and union in C?

Descriptive tutorial questions on

M2: DSC-3: DBMS

1. What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? Explain its features and importance.

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of DBMS.

3. Explain the different types of users in a DBMS with examples.

4. What are the different components of DBMS architecture? Explain in detail.

5. What is a data model? Explain various types of data models with examples.

6. Explain the levels of data abstraction in DBMS. How do they support data independence?

7. Compare File-Based Systems and DBMS. What problems does DBMS solve?

8. What is an Entity-Relationship (ER) model? Explain its components with an example.

9. What is normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF with examples.

10. What is the role of keys in database design? Explain different types of keys with examples.

Descriptive tutorial questions on

M3: DSC-5: Operating System

📘 Chapters Covered:

1.      Introduction to Operating Systems

2.      Process and Memory Management

3.      CPU Scheduling and Device Management

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📝 Descriptive Questions:

From Chapter 1: Introduction to Operating Systems

1.      Define an operating system and explain its major functions in managing computer hardware and software resources.

2.  Differentiate between system software and application software, and explain the role of the operating system in bridging them.

3.   Describe the different types of operating systems (e.g., batch, multitasking, real-time, distributed). Give examples and use cases for each.

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From Chapter 2: Process and Memory Management

4.      What is a process in the context of an operating system? Explain the different states of a process and how transitions occur between them.

5.    Describe the concept of process control block (PCB) and its significance in process management.

6.    Compare and contrast paging and segmentation in memory management. How do they help solve memory allocation problems?

7.  What is virtual memory? Explain how it works and discuss the advantages and potential drawbacks.

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From Chapter 3: CPU Scheduling and Device Management

8.  What is CPU scheduling? Explain the criteria used to evaluate different CPU scheduling algorithms.

9.   Describe and compare any three CPU scheduling algorithms (e.g., FCFS, SJF, Round Robin). Include their advantages and disadvantages.

10. Explain the role of device drivers and the I/O subsystem in managing hardware devices. How does the OS ensure efficient device communication?

SEC-1-A: Descriptive Tutorial questions on "HTML and CSS"

1. Explain the basic structure of an HTML document. What are the roles of <html>, <head>, and <body> tags?

2. What are HTML heading tags? List all heading levels with an example, and explain their importance in webpage structure and SEO.

3. Differentiate between <p>, <br>, and <hr> tags in HTML. How are these tags used for text and page formatting? Provide examples.

4. Discuss HTML text formatting tags such as <b>, <strong>, <i>, <em>, <mark>, <sub>, and <sup>. What are the semantic differences between them?

5. What are HTML quotation tags? Explain the usage of <blockquote>, <q>, <abbr>, and <cite> with examples.

6. How do you add an image to an HTML page? Describe the <img> tag with its important attributes like src, alt, height, and width.

7. Explain how to create hyperlinks using the <a> tag in HTML. What are the attributes used to open links in a new tab or to link to email addresses and phone numbers?

8. Describe the difference between ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists in HTML. Give an example for each.

9. How is a table created in HTML? Explain the use of <table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>, colspan, and rowspan with an example.

10. What is CSS? Explain the different ways to apply CSS to an HTML document (inline, internal, and external). Why is CSS important in web design?

BCS 3rd Semester Tutorial questions 2025-2026

Major (Core) Mandatory DSC (CS/DSC/T/200)

 1. Fundamentals of PHP 

Note: all students of BCS (Third semester) must write the answers of following questions in tutorial book (answer in 1 or 2 page)

Descriptive Questions on PHP

The following descriptive questions are based on the PHP syllabus topics: Introduction to PHP, Operators and Control Structures, Functions and Arrays.

UNIT 1: Introduction to PHP

1. What is PHP? Explain the basic features and advantages of PHP over other scripting languages. Provide examples of where PHP is commonly used.

2. Describe the process of writing and executing a basic PHP script. What are the steps to install a local server environment like XAMPP or WAMP to run PHP programs?

UNIT 2: Operators and Control Structures

3. Explain the different types of operators in PHP with suitable examples. Include arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operators.

4. Write a PHP script to find the greatest of three numbers using if...else statements. Explain the logic used in your program.

5. Differentiate between switch and if...else control structures in PHP. Write a program to demonstrate the use of a switch case.

6. What are loops in PHP? Discuss the working and syntax of for, while, and do...while loops with examples.

UNIT 3: Functions and Arrays

7. Define a function in PHP. Explain the difference between built-in and user-defined functions. Write a user-defined function to calculate the factorial of a number.

8. What is the scope of a variable in PHP? Explain local, global, and static scopes with code examples.

9. Explain arrays in PHP. Differentiate between indexed, associative, and multidimensional arrays with proper syntax and examples.

10. Write a PHP program using an array to store the names of five students and display them in alphabetical order. Explain the logic used.

BCS 3rd SEMESTER

Major (Core) Mandatory DSC (CS/DSC/T/201)

2. DATA STRUCTURE 

Note: All BCS 3rd semester students are informed to write the answers to the following questions in their tutorial book. Each answer should be 1 to 2 pages long.

Chapter I – Introduction of Data Structure, Arrays, and Strings

1. Explain the concept of a data structure.

2. Differentiate between static and dynamic arrays.

3. Describe various string handling operations in C.

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Chapter II – Linked List, Stacks, and Queues

4. What is a linked list?

5. Describe the stack data structure with its applications.

6. Differentiate between stack and queue.

7. Write a C program to implement a queue using an array.

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Chapter III – Trees, Searching, and Sorting Techniques

8. Define a binary tree and a binary search tree (BST).

9. Explain any two searching techniques.

10. Write and explain the bubble sort and quick sort algorithms.

Vocational Skill Courses (VSC) (CS/VSC/T/201)

A. MySql

Note: All student of BCS 3^rd semester must write the answer of following questions in 1 or 2 pages.

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✅ Descriptive MySQL Questions (Answer 1–2 pages each)

Chapter 1: 

Introduction to DBMS

Q1. Explain the concept of a Database Management System (DBMS). Discuss its components, types, advantages over file systems, and real-world applications.

Q2. Differentiate between a File System and a DBMS. Describe how DBMS resolves issues like data redundancy, inconsistency, and security.

Relational Model & Keys

Q3. Describe the relational model in detail. Explain the structure of a relation with an example, and define the terms: relation, tuple, attribute, and domain.

Q4. What are keys in relational databases? Explain Primary Key, Foreign Key, Candidate Key, and Super Key with suitable examples.

Chapter 2:

SQL Basics with MySQL

Q5. Write and explain the SQL commands used for creating tables, inserting data, updating, deleting, and retrieving records in MySQL. Use examples to demonstrate each operation.

Q6. Explain the differences between Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), and Data Control Language (DCL) in SQL, with suitable syntax and examples.

Constraints and Aggregate Functions

Q7. What are constraints in SQL? Explain different types of constraints (NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT, PRIMARY KEY, and FOREIGN KEY) with examples.

Q8. Discuss aggregate functions in SQL with syntax and examples. Explain how GROUP BY and HAVING clauses are used with aggregate functions.

 Chapter 3: 

Joins and Subqueries

Q9. What are JOINS in SQL? Explain different types of joins (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER) with diagrams and examples. Also explain how joins are used in real-life scenarios.

Q10. What is a subquery in SQL? Explain different types of subqueries (single-row, multi-row, and correlated subqueries) with syntax and examples.

 Minor-1 (cs/mn/T/200) 

E-Governance

E-Governance – Descriptive Questions

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🟩 1. Introduction to E-Governance

1.      What is e-governance? Explain its objectives and how it differs from traditional governance

2.       Discuss the four main models of e-governance: G2C, G2B, G2G, and G2E with examples.

3.      What are the major benefits and challenges in implementing e-governance in developing countries like India?

🟦 2. E-Governance Infrastructure & Services

4.      What are the key components of e-governance infrastructure?

5.      Explain the role of National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) and Digital India in building e-governance infrastructure.

6.      Describe the different types of e-governance services provided to citizens.

7.      What is the significance of Common Services Centers (CSCs) in e-governance?

🟥 3. Security, Privacy, and Legal Aspects

8.      What are the major security concerns in e-governance systems? How can they be mitigated?

9.      How does e-governance address privacy concerns of citizens?

10.  Discuss the legal and regulatory framework that governs e-governance in India.

                                     Minor-2 (cs/mn/T/201)

Data entry tools and software's

Data entry tools and software's - Descriptive Questions

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 🟢 1. Introduction to Data Entry (Contextual)

1.      What is data entry, and how do tools and software enhance the efficiency of data entry operations?

2.      Explain the role of data entry in digital transformation across industries. How do tools enable this process?

🔵 2. Data Entry Tools and Software (Core Focus)

3.      List and briefly describe at least five popular data entry tools or software used in business and research.

4.      Compare spreadsheet software (like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets) with form-based tools (like Google Forms or JotForm) for data entry.

5.      What are the advantages of using database management tools (like MS Access, MySQL) over basic spreadsheets for data entry and storage?

6.      How do mobile-based data collection tools like ODK and KoBoToolbox support remote data entry?

7.      What are some key features in data entry software that help minimize errors?

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🟠 3. Data Entry Techniques and Accuracy (Contextual)

8.      Explain how software-based validation and verification improve data accuracy in data entry systems.

9.      Describe how form design in tools like Google Forms or JotForm can impact data entry quality.

10.  How can automation tools (e.g., macros in Excel or data import wizards) assist in large-scale data entry tasks?