Major (Core) Mandatory DSC (CS/DSC/T/200)
1. Fundamentals of PHP
Note: all students of BCS (Third semester) must write the answers of following questions in tutorial book (answer in 1 or 2 page)
Descriptive Questions on PHP
The following descriptive questions are based on the PHP syllabus topics: Introduction to PHP, Operators and Control Structures, Functions and Arrays.
UNIT 1: Introduction to PHP
1. What is PHP? Explain the basic features and advantages of PHP over other scripting languages. Provide examples of where PHP is commonly used.
2. Describe the process of writing and executing a basic PHP script. What are the steps to install a local server environment like XAMPP or WAMP to run PHP programs?
UNIT 2: Operators and Control Structures
3. Explain the different types of operators in PHP with suitable examples. Include arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operators.
4. Write a PHP script to find the greatest of three numbers using if...else statements. Explain the logic used in your program.
5. Differentiate between switch and if...else control structures in PHP. Write a program to demonstrate the use of a switch case.
6. What are loops in PHP? Discuss the working and syntax of for, while, and do...while loops with examples.
UNIT 3: Functions and Arrays
7. Define a function in PHP. Explain the difference between built-in and user-defined functions. Write a user-defined function to calculate the factorial of a number.
8. What is the scope of a variable in PHP? Explain local, global, and static scopes with code examples.
9. Explain arrays in PHP. Differentiate between indexed, associative, and multidimensional arrays with proper syntax and examples.
10. Write a PHP program using an array to store the names of five students and display them in alphabetical order. Explain the logic used.
BCS 3rd SEMESTER
Major (Core) Mandatory DSC (CS/DSC/T/201)
2. DATA STRUCTURE
Note: All BCS 3rd semester students are informed to write the answers to the following questions in their tutorial book. Each answer should be 1 to 2 pages long.
Chapter I – Introduction of Data Structure, Arrays, and Strings
1. Explain the concept of a data structure.
2. Differentiate between static and dynamic arrays.
3. Describe various string handling operations in C.
Chapter II – Linked List, Stacks, and Queues
4. What is a linked list?
5. Describe the stack data structure with its applications.
6. Differentiate between stack and queue.
7. Write a C program to implement a queue using an array.
Chapter III – Trees, Searching, and Sorting Techniques
8. Define a binary tree and a binary search tree (BST).
9. Explain any two searching techniques.
10. Write and explain the bubble sort and quick sort algorithms.
Vocational Skill Courses (VSC) (CS/VSC/T/201)
A. MySql
Note: All student of BCS 3rd semester must write the answer of following questions in 1 or 2 pages.
✅ Descriptive MySQL Questions (Answer 1–2 pages each)
Chapter 1:
Introduction to DBMS
Q1. Explain the concept of a Database Management System (DBMS). Discuss its components, types, advantages over file systems, and real-world applications.
Q2. Differentiate between a File System and a DBMS. Describe how DBMS resolves issues like data redundancy, inconsistency, and security.
Relational Model & Keys
Q3. Describe the relational model in detail. Explain the structure of a relation with an example, and define the terms: relation, tuple, attribute, and domain.
Q4. What are keys in relational databases? Explain Primary Key, Foreign Key, Candidate Key, and Super Key with suitable examples.
Chapter 2:
SQL Basics with MySQL
Q5. Write and explain the SQL commands used for creating tables, inserting data, updating, deleting, and retrieving records in MySQL. Use examples to demonstrate each operation.
Q6. Explain the differences between Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), and Data Control Language (DCL) in SQL, with suitable syntax and examples.
Constraints and Aggregate Functions
Q7. What are constraints in SQL? Explain different types of constraints (NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT, PRIMARY KEY, and FOREIGN KEY) with examples.
Q8. Discuss aggregate functions in SQL with syntax and examples. Explain how GROUP BY and HAVING clauses are used with aggregate functions.
Chapter 3:
Joins and Subqueries
Q9. What are JOINS in SQL? Explain different types of joins (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER) with diagrams and examples. Also explain how joins are used in real-life scenarios.
Q10. What is a subquery in SQL? Explain different types of subqueries (single-row, multi-row, and correlated subqueries) with syntax and examples.
Minor-1 (cs/mn/T/200)
E-Governance – Descriptive
Questions
🟩 1. Introduction to E-Governance
1.
What is e-governance? Explain its objectives and how
it differs from traditional governance
2.
Discuss the four main
models of e-governance: G2C, G2B, G2G, and G2E with examples.
3.
What are the major benefits and challenges in
implementing e-governance in developing countries like India?
🟦 2. E-Governance Infrastructure & Services
4.
What are the key components of e-governance
infrastructure?
5.
Explain the role of National e-Governance Plan
(NeGP) and Digital India in building e-governance infrastructure.
6. Describe the different
types of e-governance services provided to citizens.
7. What is the significance
of Common Services Centers (CSCs) in e-governance?
🟥 3.
Security, Privacy, and Legal Aspects
8.
What are the major security concerns in e-governance
systems? How can they be mitigated?
9.
How does e-governance address privacy concerns of
citizens?
10. Discuss the legal and regulatory framework that governs e-governance in India.
Minor-2 (cs/mn/T/201)
Data entry tools and software's
Data
entry tools and software's - Descriptive Questions
1.
What is data entry, and how do tools and software
enhance the efficiency of data entry operations?
2.
Explain the role of data entry in digital transformation
across industries. How do tools enable this process?
🔵 2. Data Entry Tools and
Software (Core Focus)
3.
List and briefly describe at least five popular data
entry tools or software used in business and research.
4.
Compare spreadsheet software (like Microsoft Excel
or Google Sheets) with form-based tools (like Google Forms or JotForm) for data
entry.
5.
What are the advantages of using database management
tools (like MS Access, MySQL) over basic spreadsheets for data entry and
storage?
6.
How do mobile-based data collection tools like ODK
and KoBoToolbox support remote data entry?
7.
What are some key features in data entry software
that help minimize errors?
🟠 3. Data Entry Techniques
and Accuracy (Contextual)
8.
Explain how software-based validation and
verification improve data accuracy in data entry systems.
9.
Describe how form design in tools like Google Forms
or JotForm can impact data entry quality.
10. How can automation tools
(e.g., macros in Excel or data import wizards) assist in large-scale data entry
tasks?
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